Which term is defined as the observation of performance measured against standards?

• A. Assessment
• B. Appraisal
• C. Evaluation
• D. Review

Answer: (C)

Observing performance and judging it against predefined standards is evaluation. Evaluation involves collecting evidence of how someone performs a task and then comparing that performance to established criteria to determine the level of competence or readiness. It yields a value judgment about whether standards are met and what, if any, improvements are needed. Assessment, while related, focuses more on gathering data to inform learning or progress; appraisal centers on judging merit or value, often in personnel contexts; and a review is a broad re-examination not necessarily tied to specific performance standards.